@MamoMihretu – Ethiopian Business Review

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Ethiopia’s Special Economic Zones (SEZs) have secured nearly USD 900 million in new investments in the current fiscal year alone, a leap that signals the zones are active engines of industrial growth.

As reported by the Ethiopian Press Agency, 89% of all developed land and factory shades in the country’s 13 SEZs have been taken up. Bole Lemi and Adama Industrial Parks have reached full occupancy, while Jimma SEZ stands at 90%.

“This level of uptake shows that previously stagnant areas are now attracting serious investment,” said Zemen Junedi, Deputy CEO of Promotion and Marketing at the Industrial Parks Development Corporation (IPDC), in an interview with The Ethiopian Herald. “Most of the newly registered projects are already operational.”

Zemen attributes the turnaround to a set of government-led legal and regulatory reforms—nearly 80 policy frameworks have been revised. The goal: eliminate red tape and boost investor confidence. The results are visible. Just a few years ago, local investor participation in SEZs stood below 5%. That figure now stands at 60%, with Ethiopian firms operating alongside foreign players in zones across the country.

SEZs have also shifted from being purely export-driven to supporting import substitution, especially in textiles, pharmaceuticals, automotive assembly, logistics, and agro-processing. Parks once seen as underutilized are now actively contributing to employment, technology transfer, and foreign exchange generation.

“Zones that were struggling are now alive with factories, warehouses, and local value chains,” Zemen said.

However, recent reports highlight persistent challenges for workers within these zones. Laborers face wages as low as USD26 per month, among the lowest globally. Poor working conditions, including long hours, inadequate occupational safety, and substandard housing, contribute to high turnover rates—sometimes exceeding 10% monthly. Inflation continues to erode workers’ purchasing power, while weak enforcement of labor laws and limited union influence leave many with little protection or recourse.

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Ethiopia has recorded a significant drop in inflation—from 30% to 13%, since adopting a market-based foreign exchange regime for the first time in five decades. The milestone was revealed during the 2025 IMF–World Bank Spring Meetings, where National Bank of Ethiopia (NBE) Governor Mamo Mihretu discussed the government’s sweeping macroeconomic reforms with IMF African Department Director Abebe Aemro Selassie.

The reform package, part of Ethiopia’s Homegrown Economic Reform Program—includes a transition to interest rate-based monetary policy, the cessation of central bank financing of the government, and the introduction of open market operations. According to Mamo, these changes are already bearing fruit.

“We’ve prioritized price stability, strengthened policy transparency, and tripled our foreign currency reserves,” he noted. “For the first time in 50 years, Ethiopia is operating under a market-based forex system.”

The shift comes amid broader efforts to unlock private sector growth, expand access to credit, and enhance the competitiveness of Ethiopian exports. Backed by a $3.4 billion IMF credit facility, the government is also tackling debt vulnerabilities and reforming state-owned enterprises to create a more sustainable and investment-friendly economy.

Analysts suggest the reforms could mark a turning point for Ethiopia’s economic trajectory—positioning it as a more attractive destination for both local and foreign investors.

“Our goal is a stable, job-creating economy anchored in market discipline and inclusive growth,” Mamo emphasized.

Ethiopia’s Special Economic Zones Attract USD900M in a Single Year as Occupancy Hits 89%

Ethiopia’s Inflation Falls 17 Points to 13% After Adopting Market-Based Forex System