Despite academic recommendations of integrated water management and sustainable development among countries sharing trans boundary rivers to achieve social equity, economic growth, environmental and ecological protection, there is always misunderstanding and sometimes conflict among upper and lower riparian countries. There have been such problems in the Nile basin in Africa, Tigris and Euphrates in the Middle East, Aral Sea basin in Central Asia, Parana basin in South America and Ganges basin in Asia. The fact remains that a uniform mechanism/convention to manage trans boundary water resources does not exist. Some water related customary and general principles of international law have, however, become the basis of major international conventions, treaties and agreements for trans boundary water resources cooperative management.

Considering the existing reality in the Ethiopian finance sector, one may propose that an excessive short-term focus by some boards of directors, corporate leaders and shareholders combined with insufficient regard for long-term strategy can cause an imbalance in the companies’ long term and sustainable growth. Particularly, shareholders represented by a board of directors typically affect company operations and decisions differently than other stakeholders concerned with the business.

Just like any other aspects of the economy, the insurance industry had been significantly affected by the overall economic and other policies existed in Ethiopia. Though the potential for growth is strong, the insurance industry is not delivering as expected due to structural bottlenecks and challenges at macro as well as micro levels.
Hence, to develop the industry, and achieve the growth envisioned, deeper understanding of the realities on the ground and enabling legal and regulatory framework is needed. On top of these, broader understanding of the industry perspective through the value chain, establishing industry conduct that will enhance consumer trust, identifying growth avenues and by crafting right strategies is also required. Above all liberalizing the sector in every aspect is needed to emancipate the industry.

In Ethiopia, the hospitality industry, which includes the hotel and tourism sub-sectors, has been registering progress. Official reports from the Ministry of Culture and Tourism show that the sector has never been better in terms of tourist flow and revenue. The sector is expected to record growth in the volume of inbound and outbound tourists in the years to come.

Succession planning isn’t as straightforward as just christening one or more workers as surrogates, or enumerating a list of would-be substitutes. Rather, it is a strategic, planned and cognizant effort to cultivate future leaders who can ensure a business’s sustainability. Arguably the most critical decision a given board makes for a company’s future is electing a CEO. It must also be a standing board agenda item and the board should be kept appraised of development plans so that it assures that the organization’s future leadership needs are met. To everyone’s wonder, in Ethiopia’s financial sector most boards know least, or bother less as to how to choose their next CEOs.

Businesses are legally responsible for their criminal actions as if they were individual. This concept, known as corporate criminal liability, looks at practically every commercial or industrial organization whose existence is to make profit. As to the concept, businesses are responsible as an entity separate from their shareholders or partners.